Economics

The most common belief is that Agency system is based in the economic model of manhood (e. G. Brenna , 1994). Jensen and Neckline arguing that the opening is grounded in what they call REAM the Resourceful, Evaluative, Maximizing influence (Jensen , 1994). They argue that the REAM most ab extinct replicates human action and that the economic model of man is a modify version that does not reflect the spectrum of human behavior. Lets see a postpone that comp ars the two of them with logical send. Comparison of Economic Model of Man and REAMEconomic Model of Man Rational Bounded Rational Maximized Maximized based on double-dyed(a) evaluation Motivated by incentives Actions driven by Incentives Self-Interested Opportunistic with guile Opportunistic if beneficial Focus o Focus on extrinsic rewards Will substitute goods if beneficial (not driven exclusively by extrinsic rewards) Not other regarding Altruistic if beneficial Resourceful Resourceful progressive when facing constr aints and opportunities With the understanding that man is self-interested, ever opportunistic and driven by incentives, agency theory addresses the effect of having this man as manager in the modern corporation by providing prescriptions to taming him. Industrial organization economics providing a basic theoretical perspective on the influence of mart organize on degraded strategy and runance. There is a range of peculiar(prenominal) models, major determinants of true-level take inability include (1) characteristic of the industry in which the pixilated competes (2) the im agiles position relative to its competitors and (3) the quality or quantity of the firms resources. (1 )landlers variables A vast tradition is touch on with identifying properties of industries intriguing to above-average profitability.A large set of variables (growth, facilitation, capital and denote intensity, etc. ) suck up performed differently in different studies, besides the every topographi c pointall importance of these factors is beyond dispute (Reverberant, 1983). (2)Variables relating the firm to its competitors Originally perceived as the source Of market magnate market sh ar and more(prenominal) peculiar(prenominal)ally relative market share as viewed for this study serves as a proxy for some firm-specific relative competitive advantage resulting from learning make and other firm specific assets. (3)Firm variables The typical economic model of firm performance explains from 15 to 40 percent of the variance in profit rates across firms.Apart from random effects, measurement errors, and so forth, one undersurface suggest at least(prenominal) three explanations for the remaining variance. First, thither may be important economic variables, the finish of which canisternot be measured (e. G. Assets that are specific to an industry or a trading partner). Second, the true model may be such that intervening economic variables differ from deterrent example to ca se, making marrow analysis difficult. Third, with very few exceptions organisational factors are not considered in this literature. ORGANIZATIONAL MODEL OF FIRM PERFORMANCE Perhaps even more than their economist counterparts, organizational exploreers watch developed a wide intermixture of models of performance.As an sheath managers can influence the behavior of their employees (and thus the performance of the organization) by taking into account factors such as the formal and informal structure, the planning, reward, simpleness and information systems, their skills and personalities, and the relation of these to the environment. But on the other hand we earn some questions about firm performance. Can a firm be over-differentiated in one area and under fractionated In another, but on the whole be just about right? In contrast, firm performance is an aggregate phenomenon. Numerous studies have demonstrated how changes in organizational structures, systems and practices have a ltered mood measures and hence respective(prenominal) performance .Both organizational structure (span of control, size, levels) and organizational processes (performance reviews, budgeting, collaboration) were more closely associated with climate measures than with performance (both ingrained and objective) measures, and that organizational climate was directly linked to performance. Other more clinical efforts have shown linkages between managerial practices and attributes or dimensions of organization climate and firm performance . Figure 1 illustrates the assumed causality Of the traditional climate model Of firm performance. This thesis has uncovered a number of enkindle points, numerous of which are perceived to lend themselves to exam aspects for further research.It would be interesting to obtain a more solid picture of our research and wows that research may provide an interesting basis for comparison with esteem to the impact and consequences of Agency Theory and Firm performance indoors hide governance mechanisms utilized today.EconomicsPolicemen are seen all over the introduction as peacemakers, who base their actions on Just and unspoilt principles In order to maintain law and order within the outlandish. The natural law force Is an built-in part of inn not only In that It manages to apprehend incorrect doers but likewise act as a deterrent for the cake of umbrages which could, otherwise disrupt inner harmony within a monastic order. As such the police have within them, authentic government agencys to aid them in carrying out their duties, which put them above the law. However the question lies in the extent of such a fountain the state should stow upon such an organization.The role of how much great designer to allocate to these police forces rests on the conditions of a country, edict and people Involved, as well as whether these powers given would affect collects Individuals. Policemen shoulder responsibility, huge res ponsibilities in fact. They are tasked with up underpining and protecting the clean-living esteems society has put in place. They should therefore have the right to absolute power because it allows for them to be able to stand above crime in the country to be able to efficiently put out wrongdoers and their actions.This Is based on the assumption of course that policemen themselves are not corrupt and would not outcry such power given to them. If policemens powers were subject to boundaries and conditions, meaning that they are denied of genuine powers and rights that would allow them to swiftly bring Justice to perpetrators then their duties would be gravely hindered and crime could end up world a chore in society. One such example would be could be seen in capital of capital of Singapore whereby police police moodyicers and Its governmental systems have been known to be one of the least corrupt in the creation.In this, the SSP, or otherwise known as the Singapore Alice force transport significant power in society in that they are able to rise above individuals in society to be able to make clear Judgments and arrests to ensure law is being abided by. Its power can be seen in its ability to conduct arrests of longhairs, gang members etc without having to go finished much obstacles such as bureaucracy due to them wielding fit powers of their own to decide on choices on the spot so that the enigma does not persist. This amount of power awarded to the police force of Singapore allows it to perform Its duties with utmost efficiency.The result, one of the safest countries to live in the world, recording one of the last-place crime rates as compared to Brazil. Seen here, the importance of not holding linchpin power given to the police force ensures a country cadaver stable to be able to advance economically and socially. However as seen, assumptions In the real world rarely hold. Policemen are humans. And humans are subject to greed that gives rise to corrupt behavior in an set about to gain more. Therefore policemen should not be given illimitable power because it sometimes interferes with our individuals intrinsic moral values of freedom.The very fault in such a society lies in that frequent citizens have no power against policemen and the law. In what many may argue that In a free world we live in today, we as Individuals have reign and the free leave behind to choose what we want, libertarians as we are governed by the many laws away of us that do not make us autonomous. such laws could trample upon our basic rights of freedom. And thus allowing the police, who are part of the law to hold significant, unlimited power would severely undermine our freedom as individuals.Take for example earlier in the year, George Thompson who lives in Boston was arrested by policemen not for murder, not for theft, not even for indecency, but for filming a police officer which he deemed to be out of control. Also in the US was a man i n Baltimore who was arrested and threatened later police found out he was recording them. The conversation between them read Man I have my rights Police You have no rights Man I cerebration I had freedom of speech here Police You Just lose it As seen the conversation(cut short) between them exemplifies what many would term absurd.Something as harmless as filming in a expertly advanced world we owe live in could cause us to get arrested. Although it could be give tongue to that there was a thin line to be drawn between keep an eye oning the police officer and the freedom of the man, it can be argued that the arrest of this man from Baltimore was based on no justified grounds. The unlimited powers the policeman had had constitute the man his freedom because he, as an ordinary citizen had no choice but to bow down to the orders of the police officer. Hence unlimited powers given to policemen incline to be abused.Instead of trying to police the world, they should in fact be conc erned with policing their own organizations instead. Hence their power should be limited. Conditions within society could also mean that unlimited power given to law enforcement agencies would present detriments to the country. Conditions such as social hierarchy that could still be present in third world or developing nations. These class systems, coupled with unlimited power given to police agencies would pose a huge problem to a country.This is so because policemen as said earlier are ordinary citizens as well, meaning that they are subject to variation and biasness towards a certain group. This could mean that rights of the minority could e stripped away because of social hierarchy. India is a good example to showcase this. Lately the country has been subject to cases of scandalise and murder of women. In this aspect policemen despite wielding significant power, the past 3-4 months have seen numerous cases of Indian women getting raped and afterbirth murdered. With the most re cent case citing that 2 girls, aged 14 and 15 were raped and hanged from trees.The two girls who were cousins after being raped were hanged. This incident sparked outrage not only because of the ferociousness of such an inhumane action but cause police officers and officials refused to wonder into the result. The reason being, these girls were of a lower caste and therefore it would not be worth their effort and time to dwell deeper into the matter. Further aggravating the matter was comments from the local police officials saying that such rape incidents should be considered as trivial due to the rampancy and frequency of such rape incidents.Condemnation of such a reaction soon broke out and eventually caused the government to stair in as police agencies in that region were not up to the task. Such security of people in India born into lower castes would be affected with their interests not being cared for. This goes against the advocating of human rights and basic freedom for all. dismantle with the seemingly unlimited power policemen had in India, they were unable to make sound Judgments of the rape case causing many more of such cases to persist.One practicable reason is, as stated, because of the presence of the class system that is still paramount in India today. Because of this the only way the issue can be solved would be to grant police officers there lesser power ND to leave it to government intervention where a most Just end and action can be made. Therefore the police should not have unlimited power in this case as it would lead to discrimination and social instability. Lastly, police should not be given unlimited power because they are not, and should not be seen as guardians or kings of our own moral principles.They should not have the rights to have absolute grip and rule over our lives and decisions we make as it is morally unjustified. This argument on freedom dates binding to debates amongst philosophers and two main schools of thou ghts. Utilitarianism and Libertarianism. In short utilitarianism supporters such as Jeremy downstairs held the view that our individual rights should be forgone for the sake of the greater good of society whereas libertarians such as John Locke and Nonionic argued otherwise, that our individual rights should be upheld.In that it states that there should be the existence of a minimalist state with no paternalism and ethics legislation which simply means no laws put in place to dictate how people should run their own lives. In the real world this is too extreme for such a notion to thrive in because humans quire constant guidance as we sometimes stray off the wrong paths. However if we were to go along the lines of a libertarian argument we can see the importance of individual rights and how the law agencies such as the police should not be ultimate rulers of our own moral principles and decisions.Giving police agencies unlimited power would be akin to fully grown them the rights t o impose certain laws on us, some of which would not benefit. Although many who oppose this might say what would come up if there is little or no one to keep tabs on society, wont society go out of control with crime rates rebellion? This would therefore call for limited powers granted to the police, such that they still hold enough power to enforce the law, but not enough power to infringe upon our individual freedom.One way to see it would be how Emmanuel Kant a power of libertarianism argues about the importance of championing our intrinsic rights to freedom. He states first of all that We as human beings are rational and worthy of dignity and respect. This bold account shows that we are capable of sound thinking and hence deserve respect and dignity. Therefore to allow police to be masters over our lives through granting them unlimited power would be first of all, unnecessary and secondly, would mean that our individual rights are ignored.Thus policemen should not have unlim ited power because it is not Justified. In conclusion as the quote goes, With great power, comes great responsibility. Certainly the powers bestowed upon police should come with great thought and repercussions that could arise as a result. In this view, I believe that unlimited power should not be granted to police in dealing with social issues such as crime because it would result in the abusing of it that could in turn lead to our individual rights being stripped away.EconomicsInternal growth strategies refer to the growth within the organization by using internal resources. It focuses on developing raw results, increasing efficiency, hiring the right people and better marketing. Should Voodoo want to puff out into Africa to sustain profitability it can use its can consider its internal growth Voodoo can now then focus on what it already had this includes the quality it gives to their customers this including its latest phylogenesis of LET which is fourth contemporaries outwo rk 46.Expansion Raising the market share, sales revenue and profit of the present product or services. Market penetration Selling existing products to existing markets. To capture the market Voodoo inevitably to focus on its mission program line which is providing its customers with good insurance coverage net income which comes in Voodoo is still modify on its network coverage with an sendment of R 120 000 000 and a year technological advancement and an additional R 2. Mil for its skills development. In turn Voodoo can retain its existing customers and at the same time attract more customers that require the best network coverage like LET that was developed by Voodoo before its competitors giving It much more competitive advantage. Market development Extending existing products to a new-sprung(prenominal) market. Voodoo alms at comer new customer segments, wants to increase sales by capturing new market area.Voodoo is currently the giant roving providers In South Africa at the moment they are a suppuration mobile industry which Is own by Britain Avoidance, they deciding to attract ore customers outside Brittany and South Africa, would need a market strategy from the marketing research, and the sign Investment It needs to Invest this also including the politics of different countries In Africa. Product development Developing new products for existing markets or new markets, making some modifications In the existing product to give value to the customers for their purchase.Voodoo decision to Invest In Its quality of Its network coverage has gave Its imperfection Image a boost In the market. Voodoo was the first mobile network In south Africa to cover G,G, and Its latest G network which Is LET from Its competitors proving that Its customers will get value for their money. It continues Investment In Its multimillion rand technological development keeps It forrad of Its competitors. Diversification The purpose of delectations Is to allow the compan y to pull in new lines of work that are different from current operations. There are four types of delectations vertical, horizontal, concentric and conglomerate.Voodoo before its competitors giving it much more competitive advantage. Market Extending existing products to a new market. Voodoo aims at reaching new customer segments, wants to increase sales by capturing new market area. Voodoo is currently the giant mobile providers in South Africa at the moment they are a growing mobile industry which is owned by Britain Avoidance, they deciding to attract the marketing research, and the initial investment it needs to invest this also including the politics of different countries in Africa. Product development modifications in the existing product to give value to the customers for their purchase.Voodoo decision to invest in its quality of its network coverage has gave its brand image a boost in the market. Voodoo was the first mobile network in south Africa to cover G,G, and its l atest G network which is LET from its competitors proving that its customers will get value for their money. It continues investment in its multimillion rand technological development keeps it ahead of its competitors. The purpose of variegation is to allow the company to enter new lines of business that are different from current operations. There are four types of diversification